Hail Macbeth Essay

Hail Macbeth Essay Hail Macbeth Essay Macbeth The character of Macbeth is one of the most noticeable and infamous characters at any point included in any of Shakespeare’s plays. Generally marked as a ‘tragic hero’, which is frequently made reference to in the play â€Å"For Brave Macbeth, well he merits that name†, Macbeth is the ideal case of a man who is neither absolutely acceptable nor absolutely shrewd and who ends up made up for lost time in a significant circumstance because of both mental shortcoming and mistake in judgment. His steady mental decay and disastrous excursion from all around respected, steadfast fighter to degenerate, power hungry crazy person makes him a character hard to identify with. However crowds right up 'til today end up entranced with the internal activities of his confused brain, his underlying hesitance to follow up on his incredible want to become lord and the manner by which he is so seriously compelled by Lady Macbeth into submitting a deed which will at last lead to his awkward downfall. The impact of the otherworldly can be viewed as the ‘beginning of the end’ for Macbeth. â€Å"All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis. All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor. All hail Macbeth, that shalt be above all else thereafter† are three notorious lines spoken by the three witches which cause Macbeth to get confiding in destiny and permit his longing to become ruler overwhelm the truth. Being a significant aggressive man, Macbeth doesn't at first think to scrutinize the witch’s speculations or the purposes for why they are uncovering this data to him. This egotistical, unchecked aspiration to administer is the thing that triggers the underhanded aim in Macbeth and thusly his defeat. Macbeth’s unconventional relationship with his significant other, Lady Macbeth, is a significant focal point all through the play. To companions, Macbeth is seen as an incredible pioneer and committed trooper who might surrender his life to secure his nation, yet when in the organization of his significant other, her capacity and impact over him is enormous. Woman Macbeth’s edginess to become Queen of Scotland and her carelessness about their arrangement makes Macbeth focus on it without thinking about the extreme outcomes joined. In Lady Macbeth’s fairly sensational speech in Act 1, Scene VII, she brutally insults Macbeth by scrutinizing his masculinity and self discipline, â€Å"which thou esteem’st the adornment of life, and live a weakling in thine own esteem†. This is the issue that is finally too much to bear for Macbeth and from there on he turns into a man blinded by stupid aspiration, a dictator who will persevere relentlessly until he arri ves at his objective. Macbeth’s solid desire to become King of Scotland yet his reluctance to satisfy the witches’ predictions is the reason for the savage inside clash which happens inside him all through the play. In the wake of accepting the witches predictions, he is left uncertain of what way to take and is gotten between what he knows is ethically right and the chance to have the entirety of his desires work out as expected. Shakespeare utilizes these forecasts to grandstand Macbeth’s mental battle among possibility and destiny and once the

Public health interventions at policy Coursework

General wellbeing mediations at strategy - Coursework Example 3. Bartholomew, Parcel, Kok, and Gottlieb, (2011), disks: Design process applied to wellbeing advancement ought to be clear and efficient to empower comprehension of the wellbeing conditions, causes and arrangements. It ought to incorporate what should be done, where, who needs to change and the particular changes that need to happen. Likewise of significance is the inclusion of the nearby networks in the structure procedure. Arranging of a wellbeing advancement on the opposite end ought to include defining out the objectives, what is expected to arrive at the set out objectives, the implementers and how the wellbeing advancement will be assessed. Usage process also needs to have the network in question and ceaseless evaluation of the exercises to guarantee they accomplish the set out objectives. Assessments applied to wellbeing advancements includes undertaking precise audits focusing on adequacy of the social, physical and wellbeing mediations notwithstanding assessing the wellbe ing strategies, wellbeing impacts among other explicit interventions.â Moreover, the assessment did ought to be founded on proof and along these lines recognize its own loyalty to disappointment and the disappointment of the intercession itself.Qualitative evaluation will assemble data planned for increasing a more profound comprehension of the mediations and in this manner can educate hypothesis just as training and circumstances. Accordingly, subjective appraisal permits distinguishing proof of new ways intercession and empowers further comprehension of the issues. Quantitative appraisal on the opposite end concentrates much on depicting the issues.

How to Protect Your Personal Info While Traveling

How to Protect Your Personal Info While Traveling How to Protect Your Personal Info While Traveling How to Protect Your Personal Info While TravelingWhen scammers and hackers are looking to steal someones money or personal information, tourists are some of the first people they target.Let’s be real: Vacationing can be stressful. Between flights, site-seeing, meals, and all manner of other activities, it’s all too easy for a relaxing getaway to become a stressful grind. But there is one way to absolutely guarantee that your vacation takes a dark and stormy turn, and that’s falling victim to a local scam artist.“Vacations are intended to explore the world and make memories,” said Justin Lavelle, Chief Communications Director for BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified).  â€œIn most cases, this is the outcome. However, there are instances where local con-artists take advantage of naïve travelers and turn their world upside down.”He’s right, that’s why we reached out to Lavelle and other data security experts to find out the best ways to keep your personal information safe wh ile traveling.Beware these common travel-related scams.Scammers are always going to be after some combination of two things: Your money or your personal info. In essence, they’re either trying to steal your wallet, your identity, or both. But while the destination remains the same, there are many different routes that they can take to get there.Here are some of the common travel-related scams that you will see to steal your personal info.Free-trip phishing scams: This first scam begins before you even book a vacation! According to Ian McClarty, CEO and President of PhoenixNAP Global IT Services (@phoenixnap), scammers love using offers of free trips to run “phishing” scams on unsuspecting marks.“As a good rule of thumb, if something seems too good to be true, it likely is,” said McClarty. “Emails and phone calls that talk about a special trip, reward, or prize that you have won (especially ones you dont remember inquiring about) are prime phishing attempts made by compan ies to get your banking and other personal information. If something seems off, it is likely a scam of some kind.”ATM “helpers”: When traveling, you might be inclined to rely on the kindness of strangers. But you should be careful about that, especially when you’re around an ATM.“Be aware of people hanging around ATM machines, especially overseas,” warned Lavelle. They may insist they can help save transaction fees when their true intent is to skim your credit card number and PIN so they can drain your accounts later.Not familiar with “skimming?” You should be. “Hackers use this technique to steal the information from the magnetic strip of credit and debit cards; allowing them to create a clone of the card,” explained digital privacy expert Ray Walsh of  ProPrivacy.com  (@weareproprivacy).“To avoid this scam, never let anyone near while you are making an ATM transaction,” he continued. “Always cover the keypad when entering your PIN code. If someone is hang ing out nearby, leave and find another ATM.”Then again, even an ATM that doesn’t have someone lurking about could be a trap. According to Walsh, “cybercriminals may perform skimming with a small device attached to a payment terminal or via the hole in a legitimate looking ATM machine.”To avoid this, McClarty recommends only using ATMs that are located inside bank branches.Public wifi hackers: “When we travel, we tend to make use of public  wifi hotspots in coffee shops, on coaches, in airports, hotels, etc.” said Walsh. “Public wifi hotspots are a great way to stay connected and can save you a lot of money in terms of data. However, they also open you up to severe privacy and security risks.”“A poorly implemented wifi hotspotâ€"that does not have WPA or WPA2 encryption setupâ€"could be allowing any other user on the network to access your data,” he explained.“When we connect to a public wifi hotspot, we tend to presume that it has been set up strongly, but that is not always the case. A poorly setup wifi hotspot can allow hackers to piggyback on your session in order to steal your credentials, passwordsâ€"and a credit card or bank detailsâ€"as well as other sensitive information.”And public wifi scams don’t stop there. In fact, they get even more sophisticated.“In addition to badly implemented wifi hotspots, travelers must be aware of the dangers of ‘evil twin’ hotspots,” said Walsh. “Evil twin wifi hotspots appear in locations where travelers expect there to be public wifi. Hackers cunningly set up these traps by giving them a legitimate sounding name such as ‘airport wifi’ or the local hotel’s name.”“Once an unsuspecting traveler connects to the fake public wifi hotspot the hacker is able to intercept all the data that passes from the victim’s device to the internet. This allows them to steal the victims sensitive data, including login credentials, passwords, and sensitive banking information.”Spills on your clothing: A lot of scams require a somewhat sophisticated understanding of computers on the part of the scammers. Some scams, on the other hand … do not.“This scam is common in Europe,” said Lavelle. “While site-seeing a person may accidentally spill something on your clothing or bump you from behind. This is a mere distraction to keep your focus on the spill and not on personal belongings. While helping clean up the mess, the culprit will pick purses or pockets.“Avoid this scam by being aware of your surroundings and declining help should someone spill condiments or beverages on you,” he advised. “Go to the nearest bathroom and clean the stain yourself.”Fake police officers: According to Lavelle, large cities are notorious for scamming tourists. And this a scam you’re more likely to see in larger, more urban areas.“In this scenario, a person will approach a tourist and request illicit substances like drugs,” he said. “During the discourse, a couple of people dressed in uniform will approach and flash fake police badges. This ploy is designed to get tourists to turn over their IDs and passports.”“To avoid this scam, request the officer show ID and call the police department to confirm their identity,” he advised. “Refuse to hand over the passports, citing they are locked in the hotel room, and request they follow you to the hotel. If they refuse, simply walk away.”Fake wake up calls: This last common scam is another lo-fi hustle that relies more on a keen understanding of human nature than it does on computer code.“Calls in the middle of the night can be startling, said Lavelle. “Waking up from a dead sleep can make you feel disoriented and more likely to share valuable information.  Should you receive a call from the front desk regarding your credit card information do not confirm over the phone.“To avoid this scam, take the caller’s name and inform him you will come down to the front desk and verify information in p erson.”Here’s how to keep your personal information safe.Beyond the advice that’s already been doled out for thwarting would-be scammers, here are some more general tips you can follow to make sure that your money and/or your identity don’t end up falling into the wrong hands.Dont access personal info from a  public place:  â€œWhen you are traveling, do not log into personal accounts of any kind from a public computer or an insecure network,” advised McClarty. “This is an easy way for people to steal your login information and, in turn, steal your identity.”Travel light with credit cards and ID: You’ll obviously need identification and a credit card while you travel, but leave any unnecessary credit cards, bank cards, and your social security card at home,” recommended Lavelle. “Basically leave behind anything you have in your wallet that you won’t need on your trip.”Lavelle also recommended replacing your credit cards with a Visa rechargeable gift card: Rath er than finding out halfway through your trip that someone maxed out your credit card or emptied your checking account, purchase a rechargeable Visa gift card for any small personal expenses (such as dining out and souvenirs).” he said.“Visa gift cards act as debit cards with expiration dates, code on the back, and even PIN numbers. You can use them in person or for online purchases. These cards are available at most grocery stores and some gas stations.”According to Lavelle, carrying cash is another option to avoid using credit and debit cards. But he cautioned that carrying too much makes you a target for theft. As such, it’s best to keep the amount of cash you’re carrying at any one time relatively small. Lavelle suggested never carrying more than $200.But there is yet another option beyond cash or plastic: Travelers checks, which is what Walsh recommended.And if you are going to be carrying cards, Walsh also advised that you should carry them in a container designed to prevent theft. “Keeping cards contained within a signal blocking bag or wallet will stop RFID chips on contactless cards from being scanned by hackers as you pass nearby,” he said.Phone settings: Set your phone to travel mode, which allows you to handpick passwords that will be available while traveling, said Lavelle. If your phone goes missing or is searched, this will keep your information from total vulnerability. Also, turn off the Wi-Fi, GPS, and Bluetooth functions on your smartphone when you aren’t using them.Get a VPN: If you want to stop hackers from remotely accessing your phone and swiping all your info, there is one service that will go above and beyond to thwart them. “The most important tool that consumers can make use of when traveling away from home is a Virtual Private Network (VPN),” said Walsh.“A VPN service encrypts all of the data coming and going from a device that is connected to the internet. As a result, travelers can securely use public WiFi ho tspots anywhere that they go.“Even if they should happen to connect to a badly setup WiFi hotspotâ€"or an “evil twin” hotspot that belongs to a hackerâ€"the VPN encryption will safely scramble their data so that cybercriminals are unable to perform data theft.”Carry personal documents with you en route:  â€œWhen it comes to your passport, ID, social security card, and birth certificate, make sure they are on your person at all time,” advised McClarty. “Do not include these in a checked bag, where a multitude of different workers will have access to them. Keep all of these items on your carry-on and keep the bag with you at all times.”Use the hotel safe for valuables and important documents:  While it’s good to keep your personal documents on you while you’re actually traveling, finding a safe place to store them once you’ve reached your destination is also a good idea.“Lock up anything containing personal information, credit cards not being used, passports or o ther ID, and valuables such as a wedding ring if you remove it for swimming or sports,” said Lavelle. “Many hotel employees have access to your room and there is a risk of theft while you are gone.Keep documentation: “Keep all of your receipts from your entire trip from start to finish,” advised McClarty. “Keeping a record of charges you made, where you were, and when, can be incredibly useful when disputing fraudulent charges. Also, if charges are added to your credit card by businesses after the fact, you can dispute the charge.”Bill to your room: According to Lavelle, a large percentage of hotel-based credit card fraud cases involve some sort of internal collusion with hotel staff.“While a large chain resort will have measures in place to keep their customer’s data safe, no system is completely infallible, and the ability of a thief to install data retrieving software on the point-of-sale payment processing systems is certainly possible,” he said.“Many data or identity thefts take place at the point of sale, which means that all of the card information is being captured, including the verification codes. And the methods used can be as unsophisticated as someone standing beside you at the front desk and capturing your information, and your PIN, on their smartphone.”Fortunately, Lavelle offered a very simple answer to this dilemma: Don’t use your credit card at the hotel and instead just bill everything to your room. And if you do ever use the card, he recommended never letting it out of your sight.“While most hotels and restaurants are wiser to this these days and use a portable swipe machine to handle your transaction table-side, some are still going old school, which means having your credit card out of your sight and vulnerable to having the data skimmed, or otherwise copied,” he said.Vacations are meant to be fun and relaxingâ€"basically, everything that getting robbed is not. Follow these tips to protect your personal informa tion, and you’ll be able to take the vacation you want, not the vacation that scammers want for you instead.To learn more about keeping your identity and your money safe from scams and fraudsters, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:What to Do About Data LeaksHow to Identify and Avoid Fake Tech Support ScamsExpert Roundup: 13 Signs You’re Being ScammedHow to Avoid Getting Insta-Scammed on InstagramDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsJustin Lavelle  is a Scams Prevention Expert and the Chief Communications Officer of  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified). BeenVerified is a leading source of online background checks and contact information. It helps people discover, understand and use public data in their everyday lives and can provide peace of mind by offering a fast, easy and affordable way to do background checks on potential dates. BeenVerified allo ws individuals to find more information about people, phone numbers, email addresses,  and property records.Ian McClarty has over 20 years of executive management experience in the cybersecurity and data center industry. Currently, he is the CEO and President of  PhoenixNAP Global IT Services (@phoenixnap).  PhoenixNAP  employs a staff of over 600, operating in 9 locations worldwide.Ray  Walsh  is a digital privacy expert at  ProPrivacy.com  (@weareproprivacy) with vast experience testing and reviewing VPNs and other online security software. He has been quoted in The Times, The Washington Post, The Register, CNET more.  Ray  is currently rated #1 VPN and #3 internet privacy authority by  Agilience.com.

Happiness Essay - 1474 Words

Happiness: a Human Disease -- An Examination of the Allegorical Theme of Existentialism in the Happy Man The short story, â€Å"The Happy Man† by Naguib Mahfouz, discusses the human condition, presenting existentialism as its central theme. Specifically, the story seeks to illustrate unhappiness of the common man and the effect it has on his life. It is an allegorical piece, in which the unnamed protagonist showcases the state of the human as unhappy; only scarcely finding joy. Indeed, the euphoric feeling the protagonist feels is contrary to what he usually feels and has adverse effects on his lifestyle. Mahfouz uses happiness to show that people are intrinsically unhappy as the protagonist ultimately seeks to remove his euphoria. He†¦show more content†¦Initially, Mahfouz presents the happiness as something positive; something that the protagonist actually wants. He explains that it is short and foreshadows its end: â€Å"Oh no, this must be just a fleeting mood which could never be permanent. For if it lasted forever, man would become an angel and reach the world bey ond.† This implies that human happiness is both rare and brief. If it were any other way, as it happens with the protagonist, people would not be people at all. This again demonstrates the scarcity of human happiness, as the implication is that no one is really happy. Even with successes and possessions, man is usually unhappy, much like the protagonist. In fact, the protagonists servant puts this into perspective. He explains happiness is imperfect and that this is the nature of life. Indeed, even when the novelty of happiness does occur, it is not perfect, and also not completely sought. This point is further emphasized when the protagonists euphoria begins to bother him. Indeed, it is initially seen in a good light: it makes him nice to his servant, causes him to stop fighting with his rival, and makes him stop worrying about his son. It even allows him to see the errors of his past. However, later on, it prevents him from feeling any other emotion; it prevents him from working and being with his friends. The overwhelming joyShow MoreRelatedHappiness And Happiness : Three Causes Of Happiness802 Words   |  4 PagesEvery Person has a different understanding of happiness. Happiness is defined as an emotion in which one experiences feelings ranging from contentment and satisfaction to bliss and intense joy. Happiness may be defined in such a way it can be interpreted in many different ways by different people. There are many happiness triggers in life, and each person has a set of triggers that make them feel happy. Based on the readings â€Å"The Sources of Happine ss† by The Dalai Lama and Howard Cutler, â€Å"If We areRead MoreHappiness Is A Concept Of Happiness1133 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines happiness as â€Å"feeling pleasure and enjoyment because of your life or situation† (â€Å"Happy†). Happiness is a generic term to describe a healthy wellbeing. The term is unique due to everyone receiving happiness in different ways. With copious ways of reaching a feeling of happiness, it is difficult to pinpoint a way to achieve this emotion. Many individuals obtain happiness by helping others while others gain happiness out of damaging others. With different methods of achieving happiness, one willRead MoreHappiness And Happiness Essay799 Words   |  4 Pages Happiness and Honesty, two words that have very different meanings and ways to interpret them depending on our perspectives and experiences in life. Through the people we meet, the lessons we learn, and the things we see. . The definition of these two words can vary d ifferently from person to person but when referring to the Oxford English Dictionary they both come with their own unique definitions. I chose to define these two words because even though they are some of the most misconceived wordsRead MoreHappiness1395 Words   |  6 PagesCan happiness be defined? When someone asks Google â€Å"how many people are there in the world?†a straight answer of 7.125 billion appears on the screen. However when asked â€Å"how many happy people in the world?† Google wasnt quiet sure of the answer. Is that because happiness as a human emotion cannot fully be defined? In Elizabeth Landau’s article states why happiness is so important in our daily life. Although we dont always have complete control over our emotions our surroundings, the environmentRead MoreHappiness974 Words   |  4 PagesHappiness Is Acceptance What is happiness? Oxford Dictionaries define it as â€Å"the state of being happy†, which also means the state in which someone shows pleasure or contentment (Happiness, n.d.). In actual fact, however, happiness means differently to everyone as we are all looking and yearning for different kinds of happiness in life. Does being rich and successful means that you are happy? Some say it is enjoying life while others say it is the appreciating the little things in life, such asRead MoreThe Role Of Happiness . â€Å"Happiness Is The Meaning And The1326 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Happiness â€Å"Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence† (Aristotle). In ethics, we study the place of morality in a social construct, where happiness is the core of ethical concern. Happiness for the individual, happiness for the majority, happiness for nature. What is the key to a happy life? Aristotle believes the key is eudaimonia, or a state of having a good soul or being in a contented state of being healthy, happy, and prosperousRead MoreDifference Between Happiness And Happiness942 Words   |  4 Pagesconfuses the two definitions of happiness and distractions. A claim can be made that distractions decrease happiness. For some, it has gotten to the point where they mix up this distraction, with actual happiness. Distractions can vary from technology, social media, television, and even people who are affectionate towards us. As a group, we chose to analyze the theme of distraction versus happiness because of how apparent it is everyone’s lives. The definition of happiness can relate to whatever it isRead MorePersonal Note On Happiness And Happiness968 Words   |  4 PagesHappiness When asking someone what makes them happy, you more than likely would receive a million different answers. The general definition of happiness or being happy is a state of well-being and contentment, or a pleasurable or satisfying experience. An individual’s definition of happiness more as excitement increase in the tendency to choose ab exciting option over a calming option; and defining happiness more as feeling calm increase the tendency to choose a calming option over exciting optionRead MoreHappiness Is The Most Common Misconception Of Happiness907 Words   |  4 PagesHappiness†¦ It could be said that there is no one in this whole wide world who does not want to be happy. We live every single day in hope to find happiness, which also known as pursuit of happiness. We strive to bring happiness in our life. Nonetheless, along the journey to find happiness, some people stumble and find themselves unhappy instead. One might question why, but actually we all have differ ent value and understanding to describe happiness. Therefore, we have our own unique approach to pursueRead MoreWhat is Happiness?: In the Movie A Pursuit of Happiness576 Words   |  2 PagesWhat is Happiness? In the movie The Pursuit of Happyness [sic], Will Smith talks about how Thomas Jefferson used the word pursuit in the Declaration of Independence. He goes on to explain â€Å"that it is there because a person can pursue happiness, but can never obtain it.† A level of happiness may be experienced as a result of hard work and dedication. Most people have problems and setbacks striving to reach happiness; even ideas of what constitutes happiness vary from person to person. People cope

Movie Review Yentl Essay - 1017 Words

Movie Review: Yentl nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Everyone at one time or another has felt out of place. Feeling unsure of ones place in society is an experience that every young adult faces but deals with differently. Some rebel while others comply with whatever has been set out for them by society or their parents, or both. The role of the woman in society is forever changing. Where women were once obligated to stay in the home and dote on their husbands, they are now working in the same types of jobs as their husbands. What was typically the male role has been blurred and practically obliterated. Religious roles have followed societys lead in their evolution. For example, since its creation over five thousand years ago, the Jewish†¦show more content†¦Yentl, or Anshel as she is known throughout most of the film, is played by Barbara Streisand who also directed, produced, and co-wrote this film. She captures the character beautifully, the expression in her eyes and voice displaying clearly the feelings of a woman struggling for knowledge and love but torn between her desire to learn and the tradition of her religion. When Avigdor says quot;What could she possibly be thinking?quot; the mentality of the Jewish Orthodox man is revealed completely: a woman exists but to serve a man. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Yentls inner conflicts and thoughts are revealed through the music she sings. It sets the mood and exposes Yentls feelings of despair. If it were not for the lyrics of her songs, the audience would not be aware of Yentls inner struggle. She tells us that she doesnt know if she likes the way that she feels - in love with Avigdor but forced to remain silent, she tells us of her desire to please her father even though he is dead, and she tells us of her plans to uncover her secret to Avigdor. The music that Barbara Streisand sings, as well as the background music, helps to reveal feelings and mood as well as the passage of time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The mood and the passage of time are also indicated by the lighting. When Yentl is accepted as a student at the yeshiva (a thing forbidden to women), light streams in the window as if to show hope and happinessShow MoreRelatedMovie Review: Yentl1030 Words   |  5 PagesMovie Review: Yentl Everyone at one time or another has felt out of place. Feeling unsure of ones place in society is an experience that every young adult faces but deals with differently. Some rebel while others comply with whatever has been set out for them by society or their parents, or both. The role of the woman in society is forever changing. Where women were once obligated to stay in the home and dote on their husbands, they are now working in the same types of jobs as their husbands

A Natural Consequence Free Essays

As a natural consequence, millions of people in Iraq had no difficulty believing that it would be possible to get rid of Saddam if the US, which had been bombing Iraq at that time, was in their own ranks.Although these riots–the period that was relatively unexpected–faced by the Iraqi Republican Guard’s agile and violent interventions. Saddam’s forces have found life in a very disturbing range, from burning gas from helicopters to burning people to bombing hospitals where they were wounded. We will write a custom essay sample on A Natural Consequence or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the support that the United States implied at various levels did not come at all. In particular, Turkey’s fear of a fragmented Iraq, and the diplomatic pressure on this issue, is to step back to support the riots that could result in the US government declaring the independence of the Kurds, and Saddam’s In response to the riots, it was enough to let tens of thousands of people die.The riots that began against a dictator in the region with this back step of the United States suddenly transformed into the biggest migration of the last 50 years. Only in March and April, nearly two million Kurds began to flee to Iraq’s northern border neighbors, Turkey and Iran, among the ruins of the war, which were suddenly part of their lives.The US, the UN, Turkey, and Iran’s inexperience in keeping the situation under control has worsen the suffering of the people trapped in the interests of the state. During the migration, thousands of people, mostly children, died from the weather conditions, hunger, thirst and health problems, as well as the shooting of helicopters at civilian populations from time to time. According to estimates made by the United Nations data, an average of 2,000 Kurds per day was killed in a section of 1991. After the Gulf War in 1991, around 470 thousand people fled to Turkey.The most dramatic examples in our recent history were in Bosnia and in our border neighbor Syria. In Syria, it is still ongoing in the form of domestic and foreign immigration. The Bosnian War is the most violent war in Europe since the second World War, in which a series of ethnic conflicts took place between March 1992 and November 1995, and many war crimes, especially ethnic cleansing, were committed. According to the official sources during and after the war, only Turkey, 20.000 people had to emigrate. In addition, more than 1.5 million Bosnian-Muslim people had to leave their lands. About 20,000 to 30,000 women were raped. This war has passed on the history of the world as the bloodiest and systematic genocide. On the other hand, in Syria, approximately 400,000 people lost their lives in the civil war, which began with a small protest on March 11, 2011 and became one of the biggest catastrophes in the Middle East. While 3 million people were wounded in the civil war, 1 million people were disabled. Due to the Syrian civil war, millions of people fell to refugee status and the historic structures were destroyed as if they could not be repaired.With the process called Arab Spring, the overthrow of the 30-year Husnu Mubarak rule had deeply affected the peoples of the region, not just Egypt. This historic revolution dominated Bahrain, Libya, Morocco and even Gaddafi’s death.During this period, when the people’s movements led to great revolutions, two female doctors expressed their happiness about the situation while they were talking on the phone. These two women, who were listened to by the intelligence of the phones, were arrested, and their hair was shaved as punishment. On top of that, the 12-13 children, a relative of one of these women, wrote the slogan â€Å"The people want the order to be demolished.† The principal of the school is complaining about these kids in intelligence. They run the children in and expose them to severe torture. How to cite A Natural Consequence, Papers

Government Business Relation Snowy Mountain Scheme

Question: Discuss about theGovernment Business Relationfor Snowy Mountain Scheme. Answer: Introduction The Snowy Mountain scheme of Hydro electric is one of the largest projects undertaken in Australia. Further, it is tagged as one of the largest and involves complexity too. It is overviewed as one of the strong defining stage in the history of Australia and even hailed as an identity that sheds light on the patronage of the country. In fact, it is important in economic terms as the farming industries are able to get water through it. The inland of New South Wales and Victoria depends on it (Brown, 2015). The system power station has tremendous capacity and produces more around ten percent of the total electric requirements of New South Wales. The Federal government has a ownership of 13 per cent, Victoria owns 29 per cent while New South Wales owns 58 per cent. With the due passage of time, it was observed that various authorities proposed for privatisation. The Snowy hydro scheme consists of major dams, power stations, pumping station and numerous tunnels, pipelines, etc. thus, it is tagged as one of the major construction that is above the ground. It has a vital role to play in collecting water and then storing it so that the water can be stored and electricity can be generated. However, the size of the project is very huge and complex in nature thereby needing immense contribution of the engineers to establish new schemes (Brown, 2015). Going by the depth of the project, it is better to hand the project to privatisation or both the sector must work together for the common aim. Therefore, going by the very benefit of economy it can be said that the Australian government should not own it. Moreover, the privatization of government owned enterprises is one of the main financing and operational plan. Privatization seeks the transfer of various activity and assets that were held by the public sector in the past. This happens through sale, concession or any other method. The government can determine the case accordingly. The main objective of not owing the Snowy Hydro scheme can be cited as day to day governance and services. This will helps the scheme as it demands attention on a major scale. This will help in benefiting the scheme and ensures a fuller development to the economy as a whole. Moreover, the public private scheme can even be sought that will benefit the economy (PPIRC, 2016). A public-private scheme is one of the major advantages that helps in steering the project forward and brings immense solidity to the scheme. Further, this will help in benefiting the entire project where the regulation will be done by one party while operations by another. The developments till the date indicates that a change is highly needed that will provide a boost to the project. As it is complex in nature and needs attention on a higher basis therefore, requires attention and hence privatisation is the best answer. The main reason that can be cited for privatisation is that private companies are proficient in cutting down costs and tends to be efficient in nature. The government owned work do not have the same zeal. To ensure a better productivity and ensuring better productivity it is essential to involve the private sector. Snowy hydro involves complexity and the government ownership is not as lucrative as the private sector. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to go for privatization (Forrer et. al, 2010). Direct government ownership of infrastructure is complex in nature and various benefits that can be seen in privatization is unavailable. The hydro power is a project that needs attention and innumerable innovation so that the project can be taken forward. As Snowy hydro is the third largest energy generator it needs strong attention to take it to the apex. Therefore, as per the need of the amendments and the community development it is important that the Australian government should not won it. It should be open to privatization as it will lead to immense benefits in the long run. Along with cost effectiveness, innovations will be at a top level. This will benefit the project and the community at large. Moreover, the state owned infrastructure battles with the fact that there is government interference that makes the work slow and rigid (Jacobius, 2007). Snowy Hydro Scheme fell short of the contribution and it can be cited as the main reason why the project cannot climb further heig hts. To innovate and reach drizzling heights, it is essential that privatisation should be there. Privatization does not contain political interference and it is the main reason why the private enterprises have succeeded. The work composure is more and happens at a low pace. This is why there have been backdrops and the same can be cited in the case of hydro power. Moreover, keeping the long term perspective in mind, the Australian government should not own the Snowy Hydro scheme as it involves a lot of contribution in terms of resources and capability. Allowing privatisation will reap benefits on a grand scale and hence, progress will be at a greater pace. Going by the above discussion, it can be said that there are various advantages and disadvantages of government ownership of infrastructure. When it comes to government ownership of infrastructure there are various advantages. The essential services are provided at a cheap rate. This leads to less cost and hence, the major view is the public benefit. Moreover, the infrastructure is kept under great control as the sole objective is to safeguard the asset (Wettenhall, 2003). If it is left in the private hand it will be more on the profit basis. Secondly, government ownership of infrastructure does not vouch for profits rather benefits to the economy and people are the main objective. Moreover, when it comes to government owned infrastructure, it helps in creating favourable opportunities for the people however, the private ownership rests more on technology. Government owned infrastructure holds the major advantage that is to have a strong hold on the strategic sector of economy. There are certain industry and sector that needs to be tamed by the government so that a strong control can be established with ease and flexibility (Peirson, 1996). On the other hand, important infrastructure should be in the hand of the government as it will ensure an optimum result and will not harm the public (Huler, 2010). Therefore, government ownership of infrastructure ensures a better balance that helps the economy as a whole and is not based on profit motive. However, the government owned infrastructure is not devoid of flaws. There are various disadvantages associated with it. When it comes to government owned infrastructure, the major stress is on the short term view. Hence, the long term perspective is eliminated. The government is more concerned with the benefits that accrue before the election and hence, long term benefits are not available (Wettenhall, 2003). Moreover, it has been commented from everyone that when government is operating the infrastructure there is less pressure because accountability is less. This leads to inefficiency. Further it is evident that the competition is less when it comes to government owned enterprises. Increment in competition is one of the major ways to enhance the efficiency. This is unavailable when it comes to government owned enterprises (Savas, 2000). The factor of corruption also comes into picture that can be stated as the biggest flaw. When management is not efficient in nature, problem appea rs and hence creates a weak environment. When the government owns the infrastructure, it does not own in an efficient manner that is evident from the past records. Lack of efficiency and issue has created immense problem thereby leading to low productivity. The presence of government ownership produces negative vibes of the workers. The team does not perform with effectiveness and hence a difference is observed as compared to the private ownership. The private ownership of infrastructure is more pronounced in nature and hence a better show is witnessed (Gaffey, 2010). In totality it can be said that the government ownership of Snowy Hydro scheme will not bring prospective results as will be seen in the case of private ownership. As discussed above, private ownership has immense benefits that play a vital role in steering the business. Snowy hydro scheme needs a strong balance and support in the current scenario that is possible when the government does not own it (Gaffey, 2010). Further going by the benefit of the economy at large, it can be said that the private ownership of infrastructure will yield greater results that will not only cater to the requirements but will ensure a fuller development. Hence, in all probability, a chance should be provided to the private enterprises to tackle this scheme. Going by the innovations and the result it can be said that private enterprises will bring a great result as compared to the government. Therefore, Australian government should not own the Snowy Hydro Scheme and must let the private enterprises to wo rk on the scheme for all around development. References Brown, B. (2015). Is Snowy Hydro powering up for privatisation?. Accessed October 19, 2016, https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2015/01/06/4158331.htm Forrer, J., Kee, J., Newcomer, K. Boyer, E. (2010). Public-Private Partnerships and the Public Accountability Question. Public Administration Review (70) 3, 475- 484. Gaffey, D. W. (2010). Outsourcing infrastructure: expanding the use of public-private partnerships in the United States. Public Contract Law Journal 39(2), 351-372. Huler, S. (2010).On the grid: a plot of land, an average neighborhood, and the systems that make our world work. Emmaus, Penn.: Rodale Jacobius, A. (2007). Infrastructure Traffic Builds. Pensions Investments 35(8). PPIRC. (2016). Public Private Partnership in Infrastructure. Accessed October 19, 2016, https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/overview/ppp-objectives Peirson, M. (1996). Public/private sector infrastructure arrangements. CPA Communique (73), 1-4 Savas, E. S. (2000). Privatization and Public-Private Partnerships. New York: Chatham House. Wettenhall, R. (2003). The Rhetoric and Reality of Public-Private Partnerships. Public Organization Review 3(1), 77-107.

Women in Distress in Literature free essay sample

An analysis of two women in distress in Sylvia Plaths The Bell Jar and Elizabeth Smarts By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept. This paper analyzes Esther Greenwoods By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept and Sylvia Plaths The Bell Jar. In particular, the paper examines the two women in the stories and their problems in society. One may wonder, the paper proposes, to what extent people are responsible for their own happiness in life. In the case of Esther Greenwood and the woman from By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept, the paper proves, the different circumstances surrounding their distress play a crucial role in determining their emotional outcomes. She feels that Doreen corrupts her and rejects her as a friend, AI decided I would watch her and listen to what she said, but deep down I would have nothing to do with her. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Distress in Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Deep down, I would be loyal to Betsy and her innocent friends. It was Betsy I resembled at heart.

Vocabulary Words To Know in The Pearl

Vocabulary Words To Know in The Pearl Although short, The Pearl  by John Steinbeck can be a challenging read. A great way to expand your vocabulary is to read a book with words that you dont know yet. In that way, reading The Pearl can be a helpful exercise. Heres a vocabulary list from John Steinbeck by chapter.   Chapter 1 avarice - greedbougainvillea - a type of tropical flowerconsolation - to comfortdetachment - lack of concern or attachmentindigent - poor; impoverishedlymphatic - tissue where white blood cells are producedscandal - shamefululcers - open sores Chapter 2 bulwark - defensive wallestuary - river meets sea tidegloating - prideful; braggingincandescence - giving off lightlateen - sail (triangle)poultice - an herbal application for the purpose of healing or remedytelescopically - slide within one another; like a telescope Chapter 3 almsgiving - giving money to the poorammonia - colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odourconsecrated - sacredcozened - trickery; misleadingdisparagement - insultdissembling - misleadingfurtive - secretivejudicious - to exercise good judgment; sound thinkinglucent - softly bright; radiantprecipitated - hurled; cause to move suddenlysubjugation - forced submission; conquertransfigured - idealize; metamorphosis Chapter 4 appraiser - one who estimates worth or valuecontemptuous - scorn or disdaincountenanced - toleratedcrafty - cleverfreshet - freshwater stream (flowing into the sea)legerdemain - magiclethargy - tired; weaktules - weaving material Chapter 5 edifice - building or structureexhilaration - glad; joyfulleprosy - chronic granulomatous communicable diseaseskirled - a shrill callstifling - smothering; suffocating; to take away breath or restrict Chapter 6 apprehensively - fearfulcleft - splitescarpment - a long, steep slope or cliff; declivityintercession - intervention; protection; mediationmalignant - dangerous; harmful; tumorous; deadlymonolithic - huge; imposingmonotonously - boring; without variationoutcroppings - layers of rockthreshed - beat; whipped

Gender picture analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender picture analysis - Essay Example The man has left children up to their mom and has made pose on one side wearing a shirting that tells his position of a lifeguard. The man is free, while the woman is lost in children. Her hair is uncombed, and she is wearing a faded bedraggled gown. She spent time making meal for the kids that she is holding in one hand, yet the load of eight or nine babies is just too much to handle simultaneously. The picture clearly writes masculine and feminine underneath each of the two characters. This means that the way characters have been portrayed is typical of their social roles and responsibilities as a mother and a father. Online gender tests have gained much popularity in the recent years. The following text tells how gender is judged through tests in the contemporary age. Guys and girls are different in ways only we realize. In fact, without asking about your clothes, grooming, or chest, our Gender Test will predict, with 100% accuracy, whether you're a guy or a girl. The purpose of s uch texts is largely fun. The person going through the test is well aware of his/her gender identity. However, because of certain behavioral traits, people tend to tag an individual opposite to his/her real gender. In such circumstances, such texts do clarify people’s doubts they have developed over the years because of excessive consciousness about their gender identity. Such tests have tension revealing effects on individuals because more often than not, the tests produce fanciful and optimistic results.

Discussion Questions and Participation Questions Essay - 4

Discussion Questions and Participation Questions - Essay Example Also due to the bad forecast companies that are growing are not hiring back the employees they let go. I work in the meat packing industry. Two indicators that would be useful for the company to follow are the average income of the population and the unemployment rate of the population. Both indicators are in terms of regional metrics, not national. If the income of the population grows so does the capacity of the customer to consume more meat. When the population is employed they spend more money on groceries which includes meats. Three indictors that I would recommend to any company operating in the United States are population growth, income per capita, and inflation. Population growth is an important metric because the production of companies depends on the amount of customer available in the marketplace. Higher population growth projections imply that companies have to adjust their production accordingly. Income per capita is a valuable metric due to the fact that income and consumption are correlated. People spend more when they have higher income. Inflation is an important metric to consider because inflates affects the purchasing power of an enterprise. High inflation leads to lower purchasing power. The use of external information available in websites dedicated to providing economic information to its users can be very useful for companies in order to improve the efficiency of the enterprise. The website DismalScientist provides excellent information that can help managers make better decisions. There is chart in the website showing the distribution of federal aid money across the 50 states. States with higher distribution are places marketers should target. The website also had up to date information concerning economic indexes such as GDP, industrial producer prices, and monetary policy. The economic indexes are available for different countries

Use of self and peer assessment

Use of self and peer assessment Use of Self and Peer assessment Self Assessment describes the activities employed within and outside the classroom that enable the pupil to reflect on what has been learnt and judge it against a set of criteria, e.g. using traffic light systems which give pupils the opportunity to indicate their own thoughts about a piece of work against the given Success Criteria (SC). This could simply be used during a pit-stop or plenary, pupils mark work with an R, A or G or with the relevant colour. I have seen this working effectively with children in Keystage 1. Admittedly lower ability pupils require an element of support but simply completing the process prepares and develops their understanding for the future. Both the whiteboard and the interactive whiteboard are access points for pupils to refer to find their learning objective and success criteria. Often the LO and SC can be located on childrens work. Self Evaluation is the process by which the pupil gains an understanding ofhowthey are learning as opposed towhatthey are learning. There are numerous factors that the class teacher must consider here. Whether there is/are: The right classroom climate Clarity in the intended learning outcome and a model of what success looks like examples of expected outcome, modelled by the teacher or TA Time for self assessment and reflection Training to allow the pupils to assess their own workeffectively e.g. use of traffic light cards and colour indicators Planned opportunities for pupils to assess their work during plenaries and pit-stops Resources provided that help the self assessment process on whiteboard, selected pieces of work Classroom strategies that support self and peer assessment include modelling by the teacher using exemplars: at the beginning, during or after completing tasks, success criteria shared or created and continually referred to by teacher and pupils (see whiteboard photograph), use of questioning techniques that promote higher order thinking, graphic organisers e.g. thumbs up, post its, charts and concept maps that encourage reflection on learning process and learning outcome, reflection time during the lesson referring to agreed success criteria, marking that celebrates and encourages the pupil to reflect on aspects of their work related to success criteria, talk partners are sometimes less inhibiting for pupils to express difficulties. The process develops a more analytical approach to their work as they learn from their partners talks. It is essential that pupils are trained. (And last but not least), setting clear targets that pupils understand and can refer to, in order to improve their work: The Wise Owl has become a universal character through Reception to Year 4 at MACAULAY PRIMARY, to indicate the Learning Objective. Similarly is the use of the Success Criteria toolkit, arming pupils with the things they need to succeed in a given task. Using Talk Partners Black, P. and Wiliam, D. (1998) indicated that it is crucial that children are familiar with self assessment before embarking on peer assessment, which can be known as ‘talk partners or ‘buddy checkers. Children need to be trained in how to do this and a set of ground rules need to be established. I have spent a lot of time with pupils ensuring they are all fully aware of the expectations. Additionally, the emotional aspect of sharing work with a partner should not be overlooked as children can find it daunting to share their work with other pupils in their class. However, the teaching of literacy seems to lend itself to these types of experiences because of the emphasis on development of speaking and listening skills. As a teacher you should model paired marking for the whole class, using role-play to demonstrate the wrong way and the right way over a piece of work. Recently during our topic on Roald Dahl I produced a piece of descriptive writing which pupils then marked using set criteria. Ive found it useful to use paired marking two thirds of the way through a lesson, so that the children can make the improvement and continue with a better understanding of the quality of the work. In order to develop a sound understanding of AfL I recommend the approaches Shirley Clarke discusses in her book Targeting Assessment in the Primary Classroom and Clarkes Golden Rules for marking with a talk partner should be an essential part of any primary teachers toolkit. The guidelines are clear and can be used to create a class agreement for how best to work with your talk partner. Clarke suggests that both partners should be roughly the same ability, or just one jump ahead or behind, rather than a wide gap, however, I have found that pupils do benefit from working with partners of   varying abilities at selected times. Each pupil should take time to check their own work before a talk partner sees it. The talk partner should begin with a positive comment at least one. The roles of both parties need to be clearly defined. And perhaps displayed for future reference. The talk partner needs time to take in the childs work, so it is best for the author to read out work first. This also establishes ownership of the piece. Children need to be trained in the success and improvement process, or whatever is being used, so that they are confident with the steps involved. Children must both agree the part to be changed. The author should make the marks on his or her work, as a result of the paired discussion. Children need to be reminded that the focus of their task is the learning intention for the piece of work. The talk partner should ask for clarification rather than jump to conclusions. The improvement suggestions should be verbal and not written down. The only writing necessary is the identification of the success(es) and the improvement itself. Common experiences, I have observed in the teaching of literacy include: Use of talk partners Peer and Self Assessment Time to respond to marking Comments to help children improve However, I have found that there can be issues with ensuring pupils have time to respond to the comments made. During the spring term in Year 2, we provided pupils with time solely for this purpose; this was very successful and allowed me, as the class teacher to provide vital feedback essential for the children to progress. A second issue is having time to mark pupils work in this way, the policy indicates that not all pieces of work require marking in full but to select one key piece a week in each subject, making this a more realistic objective. As part of a continuous process of monitoring individual progress at Macaulay Primary School, some work, for example in Golden Books, is marked according to National Curriculum levels. Trialling within a year group, a key stage and as a whole school is carried out to ensure that levelling is correct, this is moderate by the Literacy Coordinators and ensures continuity throughout the school. The Golden Book follows the children through each year group during their time in the school, instantly providing evidence of progression.

APUSH Extra Credit

In the United State s of America . From 1998 to the present, this country has strayed away from the ideals pre sensed within the Declaration of Independence. Three major ideas expressed in the Declared ion were the natural laws giving the people the right to assert political independence as long as the e reason for doing so is Justified, the Inalienable rights of people to life liberty and the pursuit of h peppiness, and the purpose of government to protect these rights and In case of failure to do so e abolished.These three examples, the Republic of Lookout, the excellently Issue, and the numb ere of militias around the united States give evidence to the claim that the united States ha s moved further away from the main ideas within the Declaration of Independence. The Republic of Lookout claims to exist today in the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Montana, and Wyoming. It is the supposed homeland of the Alack a Native American tribe.It is not recognized by the feder al government of the United States. I n 2007, the Lookout Freedom delegation, led by Russell Means, traveled to Washington where he submitted statement declaring Independence from the U. S. The reason professed by the Alack ah Is that they were never a part of the country and were being ruled by force. From a legal sat endpoint the Lookout claim to have always been a sovereign nation under Article Six of the Consist caution.The Lookout have provided legitimate reasons to exercise their right to secede from the U. S. Claims made by the Lookout have not been taken seriously by Congress. By seemingly ignoring Eng the pleas of the Lookout, Congress Is Ignoring the natural law outlined In the Declaration of Independence thus making it's way further from the ideals held sacred in the dotcom

Fashion Industry China: Csr Case

Fashion Industry China: CSR Case Subject Submission Date Class Team Members CSR cross-analyses on fashion Industry Tuesday 15, 2012 MBA Pudong – Corporate Social Responsibility Christiane Pagsisihan Damien Dandelot Jose Antonio Mallen Tendai Chitapi Vera Boisa Harbhajan Khalsa Executive Summary The research paper trough four main Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) issues (Children Labor, Working condition, Environmental impact and Environmental Sustainability) indicates several glaring trends within the fashion industry.First of all, there appears to be an overall evolution in the CSR practice and actives during the last decade in the fashion industry. Moreover, it seems evident that CSR is more and more considered as important issues in the fashion industries whatever the specification and the market are. Finally, after having make a close comparison between six fashion companies, it seems that if companies continue to develop its CSR actions in activities such as eco-fr iendly ingredient sourcing, fair pricing, eco-manufacturing, and efficient non-wasteful distribution, as well as corporate sponsorship, they will result competitive advantage.Indeed, with the implementation of CSR initiatives brands build a positive image and then are more able to counter criticism for other issues that may affect the company. Introduction Over the last decade, corporate social responsibility has moved to the forefront of consumers’ minds and has elicited numerous responses on the part of the fashion industry.It should not come as a surprise given that it encompasses the design, manufacturing, distribution, marketing, retailing, advertising, and promotion of all types of apparel (men’s, women’s, and children’s) from the most rarefied and expensive haute couture (literally, â€Å"high sewing†) and designer fashions to ordinary everyday clothing (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012). Within the industry there are different kinds of activit ies, such as model agencies, creative agencies, media specialized in fashion (i. e. Fashion TV) and textiles etc.According to Market Line Report, Global Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goods (2012), the global textiles, apparel and luxury goods market (men, women and children clothing, textiles, footwear and luxury goods) had total revenues of about $3 trillion in 2011, representing a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3. 7% for the period 2007-2011. The performance of the market is forecast to accelerate, with an anticipated CAGR of 4. 2% for the five-year period 2011-2016, which is expected to drive the market to a value of more $3. trillion by the end of 2016. Put simply, the fashion industry is a huge sector and thus deserves a closer examination as to the human rights and environmental impacts. Due to the fact that the industry encompasses a myriad of companies, we have selected six companies established in China (Table 1 and Exhibits 1 to 6). Indeed, in China, the textile and cl othing industry is the largest 1|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong manufacturing industry. There are about 24,000 enterprises that employ 8 million workers.In addition, China is the largest clothing producer in the world, and has the largest production capacity for textile mill products consisting of cotton and silk (Qiu, 2005). Table 1 – General description of the six companies selected (data from 2011) Company Inditex SA H&M Gap Inc. Levi's Hermes LVMH HQ Spain Sweden USA USA France France Market Mid to low income Mid to low income Mid to upper income Mid to upper income Higher income Higher income Total revenue (billion) $ 17. 53 $ 15. 1 $ 14. 55 $ 4. 8 $ 4. 8 $ 30. 08 Net Profit (billion) $ 2. 45 $ 2. 76 $ . 83 $ 0. 14 $ 1. 2 $ 3. 81 Number of Stores 5,527 2,325 3250 470 283 3095 Number of Markets 82 43 44 110 57 60 Number of Employees worldwide 109,512 59,440 132,000 17,000 8370 98,000 CSR issues relevant to the fashion industry Then, befor e moving on, the major CSR issues in the fashion industry are outlined below (Table 2). Indeed, this table aims to highlight the major issues that fashion industry must consider into practices. These table has been made according some information coming from diverse councils and web site, but with a primarily focus on the Nordic Fashion Association, Code ofConduct and Manual (2012). Table 2 – List and describe the CSR –related issues relevant to the industry CSR issues relevant to the fashion industry Description of the issue Human Rights Exploiting people for profit. This concern is widespread throughout the fashion industry worldwide. Freedom of association and the effective Ensure that workers participating in unions are not subject to discrimination recognition of the right to collective bargaining or punitive disciplinary actions. Forced Labor Trafficking and exploiting human beings for the purpose of monetary gain.Issues Child Labor Discrimination Working Conditi ons Wages, payroll records and deductions Labor contracts Environment Corruption and Bribery Ethical Animal Ethics Models Employing children under the legal age to work in factories, sweatshops or even in their own homes. Unfair treatment in favor or against a person based on their religious affiliation, skin color, nationality, gender, race, economic class etc. Forced labor. Extended work hours with little or no compensation. Occupational health and safety. Withholding pay and legal documentation. Refusing to negotiate with unions. Abuse of power and authority. Toxic waste.Heavy chemicals and dyes. Abuse of power by officials, corporate or otherwise, for illegitimate gain. Use of real animal fur or exotic animals. Animal abuse and testing. Refraining from the promotion of unattainable body ideals and unhealthy lifestyles. Note that due to the fact that the fashion industry requires extensive manual labor and the use of raw material and chemicals, the two most critical global issues according to the classification to the United Nations Global Compact (UNCG) are Human Rights and the Environment. However, these categories are still very broad; therefore, the analysis will be split into four sub-categories: ? Human Right: Child Labor, Working Conditions, Environmental: Impact and Sustainability. 2|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong The six companies are combined according to the filter: UN: Human Rights – Child Labor Company LVMH Inditex SA Gap Inc. Levi’s H Hermes Main Action Supplier Code of Conduct Staff Sponsorship Supplier Protocol Based on Best Practices California Transparency in Supply Chains Act Terms of Engagement Supplier Protocol Control Supplier Code of Conduct Impact Effective abolition of child labor. Provide financing & education material.Develop projects for children End forced Child Labor/Human trafficking Sponsoring children to go to school Improvement of child labor conditions. Effective abolition of child labor. Provide financing and education material. Impact Train managers in â€Å"best practices†. Training and improvement of suppliers (safety protocols). 50 CSR specialists – End forced labor. Improve building and fire safety standards. Train suppliers in their own language – they know what to look for during factory audits. Reduction in Chemicals Train managers in â€Å"best practices†.Impact Reduction of CO2 emissions Reduction of CO2 emissions Guidelines for sustainable garment production Reduction of CO2 emissions Direct impact on the environment Control illegal activities of hunting. Genuine / Greenwashing On the way to be Genuine but still Greenwashing. Genuine Greenwashing Genuine Greenwashing On the way to be Genuine but still application of the policy is still Greenwashing. Genuine/ Greenwashing Elimination of forced labor. Freedom of association. Genuine Greenwashing Genuine Genuine Elimination of forced labor. Freedom of association.Gen uine/ Greenwashing Genuine Genuine Genuine Genuine Genuine Genuine Company Risk Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation – HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH UN: Human Rights – Work Conditions Company LVMH Inditex SA Gap Inc. Levi’s H Hermes Main Action Human Resources Development Develop science and technology Code of Vendor Conduct Term of Engagement Improve working conditions. Human Resources Development Main Action Environmental Task Force Criteria of eco-efficiency Sustainable Apparel Coalition Forest Products Purchasing Policy Reduction of chemical use.Socially responsible supply channel. Company Risk Quality of product – HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation MEDIUM/ HIGH Reputation HIGH Quality of product – HIGH Company Risk Coherent reputation & image – HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Coherent reputation & image – HIGH Company Risk Coherent reputation & image à ¢â‚¬â€œ HIGH Reputation & Cost – HIGH Reputation – MEDIUM UN: Environment – Impact Company LVMH Inditex SA Gap Inc. Levi’s H Hermes UN: Environment – Sustainability Company LVMH Inditex SA Gap Inc.Main Action Encourage biodiversity Staff Sponsorship Green initiatives. High EPA ranking. Impact Reforestation and social program Product lines that use 100% organic cotton Reduction of water use. Improve operational efficiencies in Chinese fabric mills. Genuine/ Greenwashing Genuine Genuine Genuine 3|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong Levi’s H Hermes Robust vetting system for suppliers Transparent chemical policy Technological Development Ensures suppliers are in compliance with TOE Reduce water and energy in supply chains.Reduce environmental resources Genuine Genuine Genuine Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Ranking The following graphs illustrate how each company ranks in comparison with one another b ased on. But, before reading them, it should be taken into consideration that each company has different external environments and stakeholders which directly affect the CSR activities and strategies. Indeed, even though each of these companies is in the fashion industry, each has a distinctive market and set of requirements, such as boutique vs. massive distribution.Therefore, the rankings cannot be interpreted a prime facie. UNGC : Human Right – Children Labor High Impact of the CSR issue UNGC : Environment – Impact High Impact of the CSR issue Low Low Genuine/ Greenwashing High Low Low Genuine/ Greenwashing High UNGC : Human Right – Working Conditions High Impact of the CSR issue UNGC : Environment – Sustainability High Impact of the CSR issue Low Low Genuine/ Greenwashing High Low Low Genuine/ Greenwashing High 4|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong From that it is possible to rank the six companies (Table 3).Indeed, accord ing to the four graphics above, there are evidences that some companies are working better in terms of CSR. For instance, it is possible to point out that the luxury brands are more involved in the CSR than the others. However, that make sense, because the margins are greater; therefore it easier to spend money on responsible business practices, but also because the reputation (quality and image) is a big issues (Bendell & Kleanthouse, 2007). In addition, it comes to the mind the fact that the mass-production companies, such as H and INDITEX, have to manage other problems that luxury brands do not have to deal with.However, Levi’s is historically founded on very strong ethical values and this is reflected in the daily practices. Indeed, Levi’s is consistently a leader in CSR and responsible business practices. Thus, as it was said above it is difficult to compare companies which deal everyday with different issues and market and public. Table 3 – Ranking of comp anies studied by Team 7 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 Company Levi’s Hermes LVMH Inditex SA H Gap Inc. Conclusion The research indicates several glaring trends within the fashion industry.First and foremost, there appears to be an overall CSR evolution that started with crisis management, moved into brand insurance and finally ended with the implementation of initiatives that build a positive brand. In many cases, scandals involving child labor, poor working conditions and/or crimes against the environment caused them to develop policies and guidelines that tell employees how to act and make decisions. A prima facie, the companies attempt to institutionalize CSR. In other words, the organization, employees and board of directions will align company goals and business strategies in accordance to higher CSR standards.In order to obtain external recognition for these efforts, many of the companies obtained accreditation with socially responsible authorizes, such as ISO 14001, EPA certificati on, FTSE and Dow Jones Sustainability Index. The companies put forward the idea that they are socially responsible and tend to publicize high numbers or percentages to tout their accomplishments. Yet, rarely do they provide information of the methodologies or absolute values that would place clearer, understandable quantitative values to the effects of their efforts.As a result, these numbers cannot be taken at face value. Thus, they are making a tremendous effort to be responsible mainly for marketing purposes as opposed to divine intention. Finally, without question, these fashion retailers hold a disproportionate amount of power and influence over the entire industry and therefore are put in a higher level of responsibility 5|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong Exhibit 1 – H Company Christiane R. Pagsisihan H (Hennes ad Mauritz), a Swedish multinational clothes retailer, offers modern basics to high fashion apparel.Its objective is to deliver a never-ending stream of must-have pieces at affordable prices, comparable to other major retailers such as Uniqlo, Forever21, Topshop and Zara. The company works with a multitude of buyers, designers and suppliers to produce collections that are both up-to-date and with quality. Its recent expansion brought about opening 2700 stores worldwide in over 48 markets and employing over 94,000 people from all over the world. Its largest market is Germany, followed by the US, France and the UK. As of 2011, the company reached $15. billion worth of revenue, and 2. 50% revenue growth. (Yahoo Finance, 2012) In terms of H vision, its focus is â€Å"to be run in a way that is economically, socially and environmentally sustainable. By sustainable, we mean that the needs of both present and future generations must be fulfilled. † (H, 2012) Its CSR work is grounded on their desire for continuous improvement. As mentioned in their website, â€Å"We have a responsibility towards everyone who contributes to our success, including those who are not employees of H.That is why we work closely with our suppliers to develop sustainable social and environmental standards in the factories that manufacture H products. We have to ensure that our employees’ human rights are not violated, and the same applies to employees of our suppliers and other co-operation partners, and to our customers. † (H, 2012) Accordingly, H is also an active member of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), and is committed to align its strategies with the 10 universally accepted principles that the initiative stands for.Apart from UNGC, H is also a member of the Fair Labor Association (FLA), Business for Social Responsibility (BSR), and Fair Wage Network among many others. (H, 2012) With regard to how it addresses various industry issues, H is proactive in their approach in setting new standards to ensure that it’s aligned with its company’s vision. H came up with a 7 Susta inable Strategy framework, an approach to managing its business. The framework is composed of the following commitments: 1 – Provide fashion for conscious customers – Make products with an added sustainability value. – Choose and reward responsible partners – Work with partners who share our values 3 – Be ethical – Always act with integrity and respect 4 – Be climate smart – Be energy-efficient and inspire others to reduce total CO2 emissions. 5 – Reduce, reuse, and recycle – Aim for zero waste to landfill. 6 – Use natural resources responsibly – Conserve water, soil, air and species. 7 – Strengthen communities – Contribute to the development of the communities where we operate. *Taken from H website: (http://about. hm. com/content/hm/AboutSection/en/About/Sustainability/HMConscious/Strategy. tml) The framework the company came up with is not uncommon, however, the commitments it chose to value are the fundamental principles that any fashion retail company should consider. Despite H CSR efforts, it still encountered mishaps in the past, publicized by several articles by the media. Its main challenges consist of human rights and environmental issues. The company’s sustainability report mentioned that, â€Å"producing raw materials like cotton requires a lot of water and goes with concerns about chemical use and working conditions. † (H, 2011) 6|PageFashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong Back in 2010, it was reported that H knowingly passed of genetically modified (GM) cotton – grown with synthetically agricultural chemicals- as organic cotton. (Vijayaraghavan, 2011) Another challenge that the company is aware of is its fabric processing issues. â€Å"Fabric production can require intensive use of chemicals, again raising concerns for the environment and for the health of the workers. † (H, 2012) In 2011, Greenpeace r eleased a report claiming that clothing from top brands including H were tainted with hazardous chemicals.H has also been attacked for sourcing its production in developing countries with poor labor standards. As mentioned in an article from Triodos, â€Å"Reports are published that include accusations of child labor, unhealthy working environments, and low wages at the factories supplying H. † (Triodos Bank, 2011) In spite these issues, H has been transparent about their sustainability strategy and as mentioned in an article, â€Å"is committed to working with its Chinese suppliers to reduce water, energy, and toxic-chemical use in its supply chains. (Vijayaraghavan, 2011) As highlighted in H Sustainability strategy, it continues to implement actions that help diminish the challenges that they’re currently facing. Listed below are some of the action plans the company implemented: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Make 100% of paper carrier bags from FSC Certified Paper. Reduce environmental impacts in cotton cultivation by using more sustainable cotton Help to lead the industry to zero discharge of hazardous chemicals Continue constantly to review and update chemical restrictions.Ban Fluorocarbons, Toluene from production Replace Solvent- Based Polyurethane with water based alternative. Promote the development of Harmonized Corporate water accounting and reporting Standards Promote reduced water consumption in garment production Monitor waste water quality at supplier factories Develop and implement environmental guidelines for the purchase of non-commercial goods. *Taken from H Sustainability Report – (H, 2011) Ultimately, H CSR efforts seem genuine; however, bad PR attacks its credibility.Although H had a couple of mishaps, staying true to their commitments, being conscious of where it sources its materials, and monitoring their production process would make a big difference. When faced with CSR challenges, the company should always go ba ck to its extensive sustainability strategy framework, and ensure that whatever it does as a company, that it should always stick to its commitments and vision. 7|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong Exhibit 2 – LVMH: About Corporate Social Responsibility in China Introduction Damien DandelotRecent financial crisis and economic troubles do not affect sales of luxury brands. According to the Luxury Goods Worldwide Market Study (Bain & Company's, 2012), luxury spending rose 8% to $US274 billion in 2011, with growth in the US, Europe and China (Holmes 2011). However, luxury brands, such as LVMH, have recently been a target for public criticism (Kapferer, 2012). Indeed, luxury goods are ‘criticized for being extravagant, overpriced, exploiting third world suppliers, and wasteful when many people are struggling financially’ (Waller & Hingorani, 2011, p. 1).Moreover, recently luxury sector has been in the middle of a under enormous scrutiny: reports have deeply criticized this industry for lagging behind (Bendell & Kleanthouse, 2007). Indeed, just by looking on the web, it easy to find idea such as: ‘sustainable and luxury are incompatible terms’. Thus, this exhibit will focus on the issues related to luxury brands and social responsibility, with a particular focus on LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy) -the world’s largest luxury goods conglomerate- in China and its practices in domain of Human Right (Children Labor and Safe working conditions) and Environment (Impact and Sustainability).China is for LVMH a target! According to Ma (2010), the number of Chinese’s luxury customers will rise to 250 million around 2015. In addition, between others, China is in the middle of the criticism about luxury development. Indeed, China constitutes a menace for the planet; critics point out the behavior of the richest whose consumption per capita is disproportionate (Kapferer, 2012). The company This study will examine the CSR activities run by LVMH, via, between other things, the analysis of its mid-2012 Financial Report and 2011 Annual Report.But first of all, let point out some information (Table 1). Table 1 – An overview of LVMH (Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton Company) Industry Founded Headquarters Products Brands Luxury goods, retail 1987 Paris, France Clothing, cosmetics, fashion accessories, jewelry, perfumes, spirits, watches and wines Wines and Spirits: The Glenmorangie Company Limited, Hennessy, Moet Hennessy UK, Moet Hennessy Asia Pacific, Moet Hennessy Diageo France, Veuve Clicquot, Moet & Chandon. Fashion and Leather Goods: Louis Vuitton, Fendi, Celine, Givenchy, Kenzo, Loewe.Perfumes and Cosmetics: LVMH Fragrance Brands, Guerlain, Perfumes Christian Dior. Watches and Jewellery: Chaumet, De Beers, Hublot, Tag Heuer. Selective Distribution: Le Bon Marche, Sephora, DFS. â‚ ¬23. 659 billion +16% from 2010 (29% of the revenue is from Asia, without Japan) â‚ ¬3. 465 billion Nearly 98,000 employees worldwide (about 64 % outside France) 3095 stores in total (641 in Asia, without Japan) in in over 60 countries Revenue 2011 Net Profit 2011 Employees Geography Company’s visionLVMH is quite clear on what is its risk according to its vision and then its value, goal or mission: ‘Like any human activity, the businesses of the LVMH Group have an impact on the environment. [†¦] The challenges faced by each business have been clearly identified’ (LVMH, 2011 p. 125). Indeed, in LVMH’s Annual Report (op. cit. ) we can find commitments such as: – Corporate mission: ‘A global vision dedicated to serving the needs of every customer. The successful marriage of cultures grounded in tradition and elegance with the most advanced marketing, industrial’ (op. cit, p. ). – Managing risk and non-compliance: ‘Some Maisons are bringing their sites into regulatory compliance, particularly those classified fo r environmental protection [†¦] LVMH requires its partners to subscribe to its Supplier Code of Conduct by virtue of which it reserves the right to conduct compliance audits at any time and without notice’ (op. cit, p. 125). – Organization and management techniques: ‘The main goal of the internal organization is to harness the commitment of all Group personnel and train them by offering resources best suited to their particular situation’ (op. it, p. 125). – Economic impact: ‘Since 2010 [LVMH] has lent its support to the ‘Conservation Cotton Initiative’ whose goal is to promote the cultivation of organic cotton in Africa and thus benefit the local clothing industry’ (op. cit, p. 129). – Environment: ‘46% of Group sites (excluding stores) were ISO 14001-certified and 27% of industrial, logistical or administrative sites (excluding stores) had been audited. [†¦] Particular focus was placed on environmen tal risk management. †¦] building construction, renovation and operation, the Maisons implement a number of different standards and certifications, such as HQE, BBC, BREEAM and LEED. [†¦] Following the completion of the Carbon Footprints and energy audits, the Maisons have implemented a number of initiatives’ (op. cit, p. 126-127). – A commitment to citizenship: ‘The first component of the LVMH corporate sponsorship program focuses on preserving artistic heritage. †¦] Children in elementary and high schools as well as art students benefit from educational programs designed and initiated by the Group to give them greater access to the best of culture, particularly in the areas of music and the visual arts [†¦]’ (op. cit. , p. 133). A prima facie, LVMH try to let converged its entire conglomerate together, by encourage its brands to follow the corporate’s goal and vision. Indeed, by promoting some values such as ecology, education, good practice labor, Human Right, medicine, etc. 8|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong round the world, and by signing some certification and others accreditations, such as the United Nations Global Compact (LVMH, 2006), LVMH impose at its brands some behaviors and conducts rules. LVMH a discrete proactive company Although there was a lot of descriptive information on the web and in different articles and in LVMH Annual Report (2011), there were very few specifics in terms of the financial figures pertaining to the implementation of CSR various initiatives. Indeed, for China only seven intra-/ extra-organizational activities have been found on Environmental and Human Right (Table 2).Table 2 – LVMH CSR Sustainable Development UNGC Children Labor and Safe working conditions Impact and Sustainability Children Labor and Safe working conditions Children Labor and Safe working conditions Impact and Sustainability Children Labor Sustainability Children Labor and Safe working conditions Medicine Activity Human Resources Staff Sponsorship Corporate inhouse initiative Encourage biodiversity Suppliers Code of Conduct Research Activity To improve the performance and the ‘Sustainable development’ consciousness of their leaders, LVMH organized 16 forums, for 400 managers representing more than 30 brands and 30 countries.The subject of these forums covers all CSR spectrums. LVMH has been sponsoring a group of middle school students from Sichuan since the 2008 earthquake through academic support provided by the employees and by financing educational materials, in order to fight against Children labor. LVMH discuss with its brands about matters concerning human rights, nondiscrimination and equality with their employees by means of posters, Intranet sites, inhouse media and in new employee guide booklets. LVMH is a partner in the Tianzi natural reserve (China) under a 10-year sponsorship agreement comprising eforestation, orchi d planting and a social program. LVMH defends the principles of the Global Compact: elimination of professional discrimination; freedom of association and effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; elimination of any form of forced labor; effective abolition of child labor. Pasteur Institute in China Thus, according to the table above, there are evidences of CSR framework on the top. For instance, the motto of the top management includes some CSR idea: renew, recycle, reduce, and review.And like many others, LVMH is auditing regularly in its carbon imprint (since 2004). In fact, according to Kapferer (2012) all luxury groups have already imply some structure (Environmental Task Forces, Charters, etc. ) that make CSR an inherent criterion in all top decisions. However, still according to Kapferer (2012), even if CSR is already, for all luxury groups (LVMH, PPR, etc. ), on the top of their agenda (since 2001), they have not publicized it: ‘Luxury has moved forw ard but does not talk much about it’ (op. cit. , n. d. ). LVMH between genuine and ‘green washing’ policyAccording to Bendell & Kleanthous (2007) when we measure company’s performance in social issues, the brands did not fare well. To link that to LVMH, Bendell & Kleanthouse (op. cit. ) measured 10 luxury brands on their Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) performance. The results are not very convincing. Indeed, by giving a score out of 100, and graded from A (the best) to F (the worst), out of the 10 companies, no one were graded more than a C+: L'Oreal topping the ranking, followed by Hermes and LVMH (followed by the same grade, but not the same score).In terms of practical issues there is an understandable paradox. Indeed, a 100% move to ethical trade (Children Labor and Safe working conditions and green concerns (Impact and Sustainability) today in the luxury sector would hurt the quality of their products (Bendell & Kleanthouse, 2007). However , all luxury groups have adopted some high CSR goal of becoming sustainable luxury models (op. cit. ). In this sense, LVMH policy does not go in the direction of ‘green washing’, but rather of a genuine incorporation of the CSR concerns into the whole value chain (sourcing, creating, manufacturing, logistics, istribution, marketing, servicing, waste and recycling). Nonetheless, even its effort and its strategy of integrate CSR on the top; LVMH is still between two lines; indeed, because the company must provide a self-expression which reflects class, status, and quality, the company cannot turn in green or ethic concerns tomorrow, but must to be ready to take the turn when this one will appear. Conclusion and Recommendations Because it seems clear that as luxury brands LVMH promotes itself to the worldwide audience, LVMH is increasing the extent to which CSR and sustainability issues feature in its business practices.Then by being more proactive in their civic responsib ilities and keeping within government regulations in its business operation, LVMH can build a reputation as a good corporate citizen. If LVMH can continue to develop its actions in activities such as eco-friendly ingredient sourcing, fair pricing, eco-manufacturing, and efficient non-wasteful distribution, as well as corporate sponsorship, the company will finally has a competitive advantage.Indeed, some CSR actions deeply thoughtful can, on one hand, help to promote a specific image that management would like to portray to its various stakeholders, and on the other hand, can also counter criticism for other issues that may affect the company. Thus, if LVMH will bear upon its providers and distributors to accelerate behavioral changes and align faster with CSR standards, it will play a leading role in the redefinition of the ‘modern hero’ (Kapferer, 2012). Indeed, the rich of tomorrow by its conspicuous choice of luxury brands will demonstrate not only their taste and w ealth but their sense of discernment and altruism.In other words, because luxury brands can lead the way by redefining the notion of quality and the luxury dream, more than individual, LVMH can differentiate itself from its competitors, but moreover, be sustainable in social, economic and ecological in term. 9|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong Exhibit 3 – Inditex Company Jose Antonio Mallen Inditex is the largest fashion retailer in Spain and one of the world’s largest fashion retailers. Over 100 textile design, manufacturing and distribution companies form the group.The products are shown in eight different concept stores (Zara, Pull, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home and Uterque). Inditex has opened until this moment 5. 963 stores in 85 different markets. FISCAL YEAR Net Sale (million of euros) Net Profit (million of euros) N? of stores N? of markets Number of employees 2011 13,793 1,932 5,527 82 109,512 2010 12,527 1,732 5,044 77 100,138 11/10 10% 12% 483 5 9. 4% The Inditex financial year is from 1st February to 31st January of the following year Source: Inditex annual report 2011Inditex was the first Spanish company to sign on the United Nations Global Compact in 2001, and since 2010 is a member of the UN Global Compact Advisory Group on Supply Chain Sustainability. Besides sign on the United Nations Global Compact, Inditex works with two other institutions in order to develop its corporate social responsibility: The Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) and The International Textile Garments & Leather Workers Federation (INDITEX, 2012). Inditex is listed as well in the FTSE ranking the second within the retail supersector leaders (FTSE, 2012) and is included in the Dow Jones sustainability Index since 2002.As mention in its press dossier â€Å"Inditex views social and environmental variables as a strategic vector for its management system. Sustainable growth, which customers and society in gen eral increasingly demand, is a value we at the company share and apply to our supplier relationships†. The CSR strategy is apply and integrated in the business through the Internal Code of Conduct and the Code of Conduct for External Manufacturers and Suppliers, in the social area, and through the Environmental Strategic Plan in the environmental area.The open and honest relationship that Inditex maintain with its stakeholders is based in transparency management and its efforts in this area have received international recognition. (INDITEX, 2012) Labor and Human Rights (100% in Communication on Progress) Through the Code of Conduct, which is non-negotiable for all Inditex suppliers and manufacturers, is how the company guarantee acceptable working conditions for each one of the employees of Inditex manufacturers and suppliers. The company is visionary in this aspect and develops new programs in Brazil, India, Cambodia or Turkey, even when India only represents the 5% of its pr oduction.Child Labour: Inditex has a specific protocol for the prevention of child labour in its supply chain. This protocol is based on the best practices of the industry, but Inditex goes more deeply into other aspects that let it for example develop de Vidya project for the Indian children. Safety Conditions: In collaboration with scientific and technological institutions and companies, it has started up a programme of training support for its suppliers on specific and relevant aspects of the Inditex health and safety 10 | P a g e Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong protocols.It works directly with the suppliers to avoid the use of risky methods in the clothes manufacturing and providing them alternative methods. (INDITEX, 2012) Environment (94% in Communication on Progress) Inditex is always aware of the possible impact of its activities (design, manufacturing, distribution, retail) on biodiversity and the environment, encouraging compliance with environm ental regulations and looking for increase efficiency in resources consumption and reduction of environmental impact. Inditex implements these issues in the form of an environmental management system.The company is totally proactive in this aspect, leading the industry and signing on different organizations and projects that support environmental issues. Proof of this, is that in 2011 Inditex supports two of the international organizations that are most representative in boosting policies of environmental and natural resource management: Better Cotton Initiative and The CEO Water Mandate (included in the global compact initiative) Impact: The major impact that Inditex create in the environment is through its activities of distribution and retail.They addressed this topics through concrete actions like open all its new stores with a criteria of eco-efficiency (483 stores with this concepts in 2011) or setting the objective of reduce the emissions from logistical activity by 20% by 20 20. Usually, almost all the CSR actions have an immediate or future economic benefit for the company. In this particular case, although looks like a genuine action, the opening of new eco-efficiency stores involves a decrease in the costs of power and water in these stores. For this reason is difficult to know the final reasons (CSR or profit) of the company.Sustainability: The natural resources and water spend to manufacture Inditex’s products is one of its main concerns. Several chains of the group have developed specific 100% organic cotton collections. In the same direction, Inditex is using tencel, a fibre which is manufactured from eucalyptus wood and which is totally biodegradable. What the company communicates through different sources (annual report, press release, etc. ) about its CSR efforts in sustainability is quite close respect to what external sources show.I have not found any issue related with a CSR wrong management. Moreover, the company is usually listed i n the top of sustainability rankings. In my opinion their efforts in CSR are genuine, because not only was one of the first Spanish companies adopting social and environmental responsibility into their strategy but also because as they say in their annual report: â€Å"Inditex maintains a continuous dialogue with its stakeholders in order to identify the issues that most interest or concern them† (INDITEX, 2012).It is difficult to improve the company’s CSR performance. They were developing a CSR strategy for a long time; they have tools and resources to manage the different CSR issues that affect them, in a positive or negative way, and a very proactive way approaching CSR. These are the main reasons because I think that Inditex is a leader and should be an example to others companies within the industry. Probably this could be the next step in its CSR strategy, showing to their competitors the best way to approach CSR strategy in their companies. 11 | P a g e